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否定转移在英语中的应用


[日期: 2008-05-29 ] 来源: 中国英语网   作者: 未知 [字体: ]
 有这样一个句子“I dont think he is a good doctor.”大家对这个句子有不同的翻译:
    1.
我不认为他是个好医生。2. 我认为他不是个好医生。哪个正确呢?2是正确的。那么1的错误在哪儿呢?这就是“否定转移”在作怪。这一语法现象在英语中特别常见,它是将语义上属于从句(一般为that clause)的否定词转移到主句中去。允许否定转移的主句动词在语义上可分为两类:
   
一、表示看法的动词:be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think等。如:
    1. I ____ I_____ you before.
    A. think; haven
t seen
    B. didn
t think; have seen
    C. didn
t think; didnt see
    D. thought; not see
    2. She _____ that we ____ anything.
    A. didn
t imaginewould say
    B. don
t imagine; say
    C. doesn
t imagine; would say
    D. would imagine; would say
   
Keys: 1. B  2. A
   
二、表示感觉的动词:appear, seem, look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if等。如:
    1. The baby ____ appear to be awake.
    A. don
t        B. didnt
    C. doesn
t      D. could
    2. It ______
(看起来) like ______(天不会)going to rain.
   
Keys: 1. C  2. doesnt lookits
   
在以下特殊情况中,即使有允许否定转移的动词,也不能将其否定转移到主句中。
    1. I think
是插入语,可看作与其他部分无关时。如:
    I wish you were here, then, I think, I should not feel like this.
    2.
主句中有情态动词cant, mustnt, wouldnt等时。如:
    I can
t believe that they are married.
    You mustn
t think hes stupid.
    3.
由于cannot help doing, ought not, need not, not at all等短语的关系而把I think隔离时。如:
    I think you ought not to walk at night alone, Mrs. Moore.
   
I think the angel is not at all in heaven. Redmond said.
    4.
由于受not justbut, just notenough, not much, not quite等以not为核心的副词短语的影响,也不便把其否定转移到主句中。如:
    I think I
m just not smart enough to make any sense out of for you.
    But I think that Elizabeth was not quite so certain of it as I.
    5.
句中含有no, never, nothing,  nobody等否定词时。如:
    I should think you never have seen many.
    I thought it explained nothing.
你,千万不要学英语的秘密----点击看答案
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