[第一步] 掌握过去完成时的确切含义
过去完成时由"助动词had+过去分词"构成,它表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是"过去的过去"。
[第二步] 掌握过去完成时的用法
一、主语+过去完成时+when引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:
Tom was surprised that most of the guests when he at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived
C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
正确答案为D。guests先"离开",Tom后"到达"。
二、主语+过去完成时+by短语。例如:
We four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned
根据by短语中的last year得知,正确选项为A。
三、主语+过去完成时+by the time引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:
He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten. 到十岁时,他已经建起了自己的实验室。
四、主语+过去完成时+before引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:
He had studied English for five years before he came here. 来这儿之前,他已经学过五年梦塔英语了。
五、根据上下文的时间关系来确定。例如:
1. The pen I I is on my desk, right under my nose.
A. think; lost B. thought; had lost
C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost
正确答案为B。"丢笔"是在"认为"之前发生的动作。
2. Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去,而"忘带钥匙"的动作发生在"等丈夫回家"之前。
六、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图,用过去完成时。常用动词有:hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, want等。 例如:
They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 他们本来是要来帮忙的,但未能及时赶到。
七、 It was+时间+since+主语+过去完成时。例如:
They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I a good drink.
A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
正确答案为A。
[第一步] 掌握过去完成时的确切含义
过去完成时由"助动词had+过去分词"构成,它表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。它表示动作发生的时间是"过去的过去"。
[第二步] 掌握过去完成时的用法
一、主语+过去完成时+when引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:
Tom was surprised that most of the guests when he at the party.
A. left; had arrived B. left; arrived
C. had left; had arrived D. had left; arrived
正确答案为D。guests先"离开",Tom后"到达"。
二、主语+过去完成时+by短语。例如:
We four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned
根据by短语中的last year得知,正确选项为A。
三、主语+过去完成时+by the time引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:
He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten. 到十岁时,他已经建起了自己的实验室。
四、主语+过去完成时+before引导的从句(从句谓语动词为过去式)。例如:
He had studied English for five years before he came here. 来这儿之前,他已经学过五年梦塔英语了。
五、根据上下文的时间关系来确定。例如:
1. The pen I I is on my desk, right under my nose.
A. think; lost B. thought; had lost
C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost
正确答案为B。"丢笔"是在"认为"之前发生的动作。
2. Helen her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband home.
A. has left; comes B. left; had come
C. had left; came D. had left; would come
正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去,而"忘带钥匙"的动作发生在"等丈夫回家"之前。
六、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图,用过去完成时。常用动词有:hope, think, expect, intend, mean, suppose, want等。 例如:
They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time. 他们本来是要来帮忙的,但未能及时赶到。
七、 It was+时间+since+主语+过去完成时。例如:
They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I a good drink.
A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D. had been enjoying
正确答案为A。
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