一、概述 先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人 Who Whom Whose 物 Which Which Of which(whose) 人/物 that that
构成：先行词 + 关系词 关系代词 + 从句
关系副词
如：This is the book that we want.
先行词一定在主句当中，一定在从句前面。
关系代词：that, which, whose, who, whom
what(all that), than, but, as
关系副词：when, where, why, (how)
二、关系代词
1. 一致性（先行词与从句中的谓语动词的一致性）
⑴ that, which, who引导的定语从句
如：We want a girl who knows English.
We want three girls who know English.
⑵ one of + 复数名词 + 关系词 + 从句的谓语动词（复数）
如：She is one of the few students who have passed the exam.
⑶ the only one of +复数名词+关系词+从句的谓语动词（单数）
如：She is the only one of students who has passed the exam.
2. which与that的区别
⑴ 只用which的情况
a) 介宾
如：We have a house which we live in.
We have a house in which we live.
We have a house where we live.
She left the day when we left. When=on which
The moment when I saw her, I came up to her. When=at which
b) 非限定性定语从句
如：We’ll have a meeting, which is very important.
We live in a house, the door of which is broken.
⑵ 只用that的情况
a) 先行词是不定代词
如：All that glitters is not gold. 不定代词作主语，后用单数形式
b) 先行词被不定代词所修饰
如：All the classmates that are my close friends are good students.
c) 先行词被最高级所修饰
如：This is the best film I have ever seen.
d) 先行词被序数词所修饰
如：It is the first time that I have seen such an interesting film.
e) 先行词被only, very所修饰
如：She is the very student that I like best.
The only thing that I want to do is to go shopping.
f) 先行词既有人又有物
如：What about the two kids and the big parcel that you saved from the fire?
⑶ as与which(非限定性定语从句)的区别
as 正如，正像 which=and it/this
as的位置可前、中、后，which不能在前
如：As has been explained, we are innocent.
⑷ whose与of which的区别
whose + n. = the + n. + of which
如：We had a meeting whose purpose was not clear.
We had a meeting, the purpose of which was not clear.
⑸ but引导的定语从句
如：There is no one but wish to make money.
But=which/who/that…not…
只出现在限制性定语从句中，一般是there be句型中
⑹ than引导的定语从句
如：There is more to it than meets to eye. 眼睛看到的并不是全部。
There are more demands than can be satisfied.
a) than主句有比较级
b) than可修饰人，也可修饰物
c) than后引导谓语动词是单数
三、定语从句的分隔现象
They kept it quiet that he was dead.
1．介词短语分隔
如：Only nature-born civilians of the United States who have attained the age of 35 years old and who lived in the United States for 14 years may be elected president.
2．主句主语过长，而主句谓语过远，被谓语分隔
如：In practice, what often happen is that a new theory is devised that is an extension of the previous theory.
