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反意疑问句


[日期: 2006-10-30 ] 来源:   作者: [字体: ]

   It's very cold today , isn't it ?
   今天很冷,是不是?
   这是一个反意问句。反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见,但没有把握,希望对方来证实。反意问句由两部分组成,前一部分是对事物的陈述,后一部分是简短的提问。如果前一部分用肯定形式,后一部分一般用否定形式;前一部分用否定形式,后一部分用肯定形式。两部分的人称和时态要一致。反意疑问句陈述句用降调,后半部分可升可降。提问者对陈述部分把握较大时,后半部分用降调;把握不大时,用升调。如:


   You are from Paris , aren’t you ?
   你来自巴黎,是不是?
   She likes working on a farm , doesn't she ?
   她喜欢在农场劳动,是不是?
   She wasn’t late yesterday , was she ?
   她昨天没有迟到,是吗?
   对反意疑问句的回答,不管问题的提法如何,若事实是肯定的,就要用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no,这与汉语不一样。如:
   They aren't going to the park , are they ?
   他们不去公园,是吗?
   Yes , they are .
   不,他们要去的。
   No , they aren’t .
   对,他们不去。
   反意疑问句是一种常用的疑问句形式,除了基本句式外,还有一些习惯的用法。如:
 1. 当陈述句中含有no , none , never , few , little , nothing , nobody , hardly等词时,附加问句应用肯定形式。如:
   The students can see nothing in the room , can they ?
   There is little milk in the cup , is there ?
 2. 以let’s开头的祈使句,附加问句用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,所做的事情不包括听话者本人,则附加问句用will you。如:
   Let’s go skating , shall we ? (听话者也去滑冰)
   Let us read the text , will you ? (听话者并不读课文)
 3. 陈述部分为祈使句时,反意疑问部分一般用will you , won’t you,有时也用would , can , can’t 来表示告诉、请求、提醒别人该做某事。要注意:祈使句陈述内容若是否定形式,反意疑问部分就只能用will you 。如:
   Be quick , will you / would you / can you / can’t you / won’t you ?
   Don’t take off your coat , will you ?
 4. 陈述部分为I am…时,附加疑问部分为aren’t I 。如:
   I am late , aren’t I ?
 5. 陈述部分主语是合成代词,everybody , everyone , somebody , someone , nobody等词时,反意疑问中的主语常用he,在非正式文体中,常用they。如:
   Somebody was in the room , wasn’t he ?
   Everybody saw him , didn’t they ?
   对比:Such was his trick, wasn't it?
             Such were their excuses, weren't they?
             None of his friends is interested, is he?
             None of his friends are interested, are they?
 6. 陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“一定”等推测意义时,反意部分不用must,而根据陈述部分中的must后面的不定式结构采用相应的主动词或助动词形式。如:
   She must be at home , isn’t she ?
   It must have rained, hasn’t it ?
   It must have rained last night , didn't it ?    昨天晚上一定是下雨了,是吗?
   但:I may come and borrow the tool tomorrow, mayn't I?
         Then he mightn't have heard from you, might he?
 7. 在以I think / suppose / believe引导的宾语从句,附加疑问部分以从句为主。如:
   I think he is working , isn’t he ?
   I don’t think they will help the farmers with the apple harvest , will they ?
   但要注意当主语不是第一人称而是其他人称时,反意部分以主句为主。如:
   He thinks they are going to the park . doesn’t he ? (而不是aren’t they)
 8. there be句型的附加问句用be there 结构。如:
    There is some tea in the cup , isn’t there ?
 9. 主语从句和表语从句,反意部分对应从句:
    What he lacks is courage, isn't it?
    That's where you are wrong, isn't it?  
 10. neither ... nor 的反意问句:
    The book is neither in Chinese nor in English, is it?
    He can neither read nor write, can he?

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