英语动词学习导航

英语动词是句子的核心。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。难怪有人说，英语是动词和介词的语言。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。

一、分清及物不及物

分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：

1.主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于：“主＋谓＋宾”；“主＋谓＋双宾”；“主＋谓＋宾＋宾补”结构。如：he reached Paris the day before yesterday.
please hand me the book over there.
they asked me to go fishing with them.


类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, supply, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell....

2.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与：“主＋谓”结构。
this is the room where i once lived.

类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed....

3.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作“开始”讲。everybody , our game begins. let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve....

4.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。

这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的“消散”。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是“升高；举起”。he lifted his glass and drank.

类似的还有：beat　vi.跳动 vt. 敲、打;　grow vi.生长 vt.　种植

play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅

ring　vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话　speak vi.讲话　vt. 说（语言）

hang　vi. 悬挂 vt.　绞死　operate vi.动手术　vt. 操作

二、辨别表动作与表结果的动词

表动作的动词强调动作的发生，不涉及该动词的结果。如：he looked at the picture. he saw a picture .前一句中的动词强调“看”这一动作；而后一句中的动词表示“看到”这一结果。类似的还有：tear at; tear, look for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade 等。

三、记住瞬间动词

英语中不少动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成．如：he arrived in Paris yesterday. 而另一些动词所表示的动作则可以延续．如：they worked until 12 o’clock last night.特别是在现在完成时态的句子中，瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。瞬间动词有：arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, finish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize....等。

四、掌握好表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词。

英语中的连系动词主要分为两大类：

1.表状态的连系动词。如：he is a good worker. 除了be 而外，还有：stand(位于),lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own....等。

2.另一类连系动词表示动作或变化，是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如：his hair grows grey. 这类连系动词还有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get...等。

五、注意词义相近，用法不同的动词

1.表主观与客观的动词

I received his invitation last night, but i didn’t want to accept it. 该句中，动词receive, accept 都表示“接受”但前者表示客观地接收到什么东西；后者表示 “I” 的主观意愿。类似用法的动词还有：listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to等。

2．表直接与间接的动词

he heard that the scientist would come to our school. he heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.前句中hear的表示直接听说的，而后一句中hear of 的表示间接听说的。类似用法的动词还有：know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。

六、重视多字动词的用法

所谓多字动词是指动词与某些副词、介词构成的动词词组。一般有四种形式：

1．“动词+介词”结构。 该结构中的动词是不及物动词，当和一些介词搭配后，则把它看成一个整体，即把它看成一个及物动词。如：we never thought of such success when we first started.类似用法的还有：agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to...

2．“动词+副词”结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的，该结构及物；是不及物的，则不及物。如：we put off the sports meet.

after he grew up, he went to London to work for a company.

类似用法的还有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use up, work out..., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up....  

在这类结构中，必须注意有的多字动词即及物又可不及物。有的甚至汉语意义也完全不相同。如：he looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起头看)
he looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. 查找)
类似的有break down vi.（车等）坏了 vt. 分解，分为 ;
go over vi. 走过去 vt. 复习，仔细查看等。　

3．“动词+副词+介词”结构。如：
we should do away with that sort of thing.

类似的有：give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with....

4．“动词+名词+介词”结构。该结构是最多，最常见的多字动词。如：we will take care of them. 类似的有：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, make a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in..

动词练习

1. You're _______ your time trying to persuade him, he'll never join us.
　　A. spending B. wasting C. losing D. missing
2. "What did you think of her speech?" "She _______ for an hour but didn't ______ much."
　　A. spoke; speak B. spoke; say C. said; speak D. said; say
3. I don't know the restaurant, but it's ______ to be quite a good one.
　　A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked
4. All the leading newspapers ______ the trade talks between China and the United States.
　　A. reported B. printed C. announced D. published
5. I love to go to the seaside in summer. It ___ good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
　　A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes
6. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into _______.
　　A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
7. The captain ______ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
　　A. made B. said C. put D. passed
8. If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____________.
　　A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice
9. We decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ______.
　　A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D. heavily
10. The child is so full of _______ that he cannot keep still.
　　A. force B. energy C. power D. strength
11. He thought the painting was of little ______, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.
　　A. value B. cost C. price D. spending
12. No _______ that you failed in the exam. You have always been so careless.
　　A. matter B. trouble C. wonder D. way
13. He has no ______ of time, so he is always playing.
　　A. sense B. idea C. effect D. feeling
14. Many old houses are being pulled down to make ____ for the office building.
　　A. room B. ground C. space D. area
15. After waiting for three days, we decided to leave ______ him.
　　A. besides B. except C. but D. without
16. There was a fight in the street yesterday. Three people were seriously ________.
　　A. hurt B. killed C. broken D. cut
17. He went from door to door, _____ waste paper and magazines.
　　A. receiving B. achieving C. accepting D. collecting
18. She felt so ______ that she could hardly open his eyes.
　　A. sleepy B. asleep C. sleeping D. sleep
19. It is _______that you will pass the college examination.
　　A. sure B. surely C. certain D. like
20. He is ill and has _______ in bed for two days already.
　　A. lied B. lain C. laid D. layed
21. The guards caught the spy and _____ him very carefully.
　　A. asked for B. searched for C. looked for D. searched
22. ______ him to go out if he wants to.
　　A. Allow B. Leave C. Let D. Have
23. It was a _________ difficult exam and many students failed in it.
　　A. fairly B. too C. rather D. enough
24. I watched a boxing ______ on TV last night.
　　A. fight B. game C. match D. sport
25. I bought a shirt because it was good in quality and _____ in price.
　　A. reasonable B. valuable C. comfortable D. enjoyable
26. Students sometimes support themselves by _______ of taking evening jobs.
　　A. ways B. offers C. means D. helps
27. I _______ an answer to my letter within a few days.
　　A. hope B. wait C. look through D. expect
28. He ______. A. robbed me my coat B. stole me my coat
　　C. robbed my coat from me D. stole my coat from me
29. I wanted to go there by plane, but I hadn't enough money to pay for the _______.
　　A. journey B. travel C. voyage D. fly
30. I learned to _______ a bicycle as a small boy.
　　A. drive B. ride C. operate D. run
31. I should like to rent a house, comfortable and _______ in a quiet neighbourhood.
　　A. over all B. above all C. all in all D. after all
32. I've visited a lot of different places and stayed in a lot of different hotels, and nothing else ______ this one.
　　A. matches B. takes C. makes D. compares
33. "Have you got any money with you ?" "Sorry. I never _____ much money about me."
　　A. bring B. take C. carry D. fetch
34. He _______ to me for the mistake he had made.
　　A. excused B. apologized C. pardoned D. regretted
35. "Where does he come from ?" "I'm not sure, but his spoken English ____ Australia."
　　A. suggests B. sounds C. listens D. hears
36. To ______ fit, we must take plenty of exercise.
　　A. keep B. do C. make D. build
37. My brother is very tall. The little bed won't ______ for him.
　　A. prepare B. care C. fit D. do
38. The clock ______ and we realized it was eight o'clock.
　　A. beat B. hit C. rang D. struck
39. When they arrived at the crossroads, they went the wrong ______.
　　A. path B. street C. way D. direction
40. Careless driving______ a lot of accidents.
　　A. affects B. makes C. causes D. results
41. She ________ much younger than she really is.
　　A. turns B. becomes C. grows D. appears
42. At the moment, we can't ______ who will be chosen our monitor.
　　A. know B. speak C. tell D. read
43. The horrible noise from the man's room simply ______ me mad.
　　A. drove B. turned C. caused D. offered
44. The tailor made him a new ______.
　　A. clothes B. dress C. wear D. suit
45. His best-known work that is ______ all praise can be seen in the museum.
　　A. without B. beyond C. with D. within
46. I ______ Jack to ring up to see if Mary was there.
　　A. suggested B. hoped C. advised D. made
47. We _______ this recorder for five hundred yuan..
　　A. spent B. cost C. bought D. paid
48. "How wide is the Atlantic Ocean?" "That ______. From where to where?"
　　A. changes B. depends C. remains D. refers
49. We _____ you a pleasant journey to Shanghai.
　　A. hope B. wish C. want D. expect
50. The hero was not afraid to __________.
　　A. hang B. hung C. be hanged D. be hung
51. The ______ candles should be kept for future use.
　　A. lighting B. lighted C. lit D. light
52. I'm sorry to _______ you to so much trouble.
　　A. put B. add C. give D. take
53. When filled with a gas lighter than air, a balloon can ______ in the air.
　　A. fly B. float C. wander D. sail
54. If you drive from the airport, go on the motorway and follow the ____ to the city.
　　A. designs B. ways C. points D. signs
55. Though I spoke to him many times, he never took any ____ of what I said.
　　A. notice B. remark C. observation D. attention
56. I should like to try that coat on, but I don't know if it is my _____.
　　A. shape B. model C. size D. clothes
57. Popular music is liked by many people, but it is not to everyone's ______.
　　A. manners B. share C. smell D. taste
58. We must ______ the importance of the four modernizations.
　　A. learn by heart B. keep in mind C. remember by heart D. know by heart
59. Scientists will continue to ______ living things on the moon.
　　A. look for B. look after C. look upon D. look at
60. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ______ of her heart.
　　A. beating B. jumping C. knocking D. striking
61. The city's underground ______ more people than the buses.
　　A. brings B. carries C. sends D. fetches
62. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller _______.
　　A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
63. Would you mind ________ your radio a little, please ?
　　A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn down D. turning down
64. When you come to Wuhan, I can put you _____ for the night.
　　A. up B. down C. in D. out
65. My brother ______ the Youth League for two years.
　　A. has been in B. has entered C. has taken part in D. has joined

（Answers:BBAAA CAADB ACAAD ADACC DACBA CDDAB BACBB ACDDC DCABB CCABC BABDA CDBBA DDDAA ）